Commodore 16 User Manual

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Brand: Commodore

Category: Desktop

Type: Operation & user’s manual for Commodore 16

Pages: 94

Download Commodore 16 Operation & user’s manual

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Now try tne same line, bul replace BfS
ON
and HVS oft with
and FLASH oit (the
<
and > keys):
10 PRINT"
I
COMMODORE I"
Press
CTRL
and
flash
on
Press;
CTRL and FLASH OFF
When
you
RUN this, it PRINTS
oul
COMMODORE 16
|ust
once. But the
word COMMODORE Hashes continuously, even though your program
has already been RUN. When you use
flashing
print,
it will
(lash
conllnuously
Both
of
Ihese
one-line programs
show
how
to use
things
like reverse printing and flashing letters in the line of a program You
would do other things (change colours, etc.) in the same
manner
Entering Commands
You might have noticed that you typed some
things in
as just a single
word (such as NEW), while on other
lines
you had to type
in line
numbers followed
by
commands and statements within quote marks.
That's
because
there are
two
'modes' that you
can
use to
communicate
with your computet. Both are based on a
language
made up of
terms
that
your computer
understands.
The most straight-forward (and the
one built m
to
your Commodore
16)
is called BASIC. Your Commodore
1 6 understands a version called Commodore BASIC 3.5 The BASIC
terms (or keywords) are the heart o1 both modes
The
first type,
IMMEDIATE MODE, tells your
computer
to execute
the BASIC
command immediately. You enter the command to bo carried out by
your computer when you press the RETURN key This Is also known as
DIRECT
MODE. The
alternate
mode is known as
PROGRAMMING, or
INDIRECT MODE Programming mode features line numbers, and
each line contains BASIC commands The entire program is executed
when
you type the command RUN. carrying out the commands of the
lines according
to
line
number (lowest lines first).
Obviously,
programming mode
is
what you use to
write
computer
programs.
CORRECTING MISTAKES
Mistakes are
a
way ot life with compulers. Mistakes in programming
must be searched for and remedied for a
program
to
run correctly.
That's
whai
the
HELP key
is for.
A more practical
kind
ol
mistake—the
typing error—can mess
up
programs just
as
Dadly. Not only
will
oompuling Improve your typing skills, you'll make great strides in
spotting and correcting typing errors
as
well There axe
several
ways lo
fix
up
typing errors
Remember that to
enter
any
changes (or anything,
i :
I
f
46
I
for that matter) either for your compulef
to execute or into your
computer's memory,
you must press
Ihe
heturh
key
1. YOU CAN EDIT A LINE by overtyping.
Use the CURSOR KEYS
to
move
to the place In the line thai
you want
lo
change
Now just
type
over
whal you want to change Press
when
you linistv
EXAMPLE;
10 PRINT "IT IS
ONE O'CLOCK"
If
you want to change Ihe time
lo TWO.
move
the cursor
lo
the
O
In
ONE.
10 PRINT "IT IS0NE
O'CLOCK"
And now lust type
TWO
over
ONE and press BETUHN
10 PRINT
"IT IS TWO
O'CLOCK"
NOTE: When working with numbered program lines
you don'l have
lo be
at
the
end
ot the line
lo press return Your Commodore
16
remembers
the whole line even if
you
press
Rrrutw in the middle
of the line.
2. YOU CAN OPEN UP SPACES
IN A WORD OR LINE
with the
key (press or along with the
mst/del key) Hold the
keys
down until
you open up
as
many
spaces as you
need.
(Notice that
the cursor
stays in the same place while
spaces
open
up lo the right.)
Then just type what
you want lo
insert
10 PRINT "CORE"
To change this
to COMMODORE,
move tne
cursor
lo Ihe 'O' and press
the shift
and msT
keys
until enough
space
opens
up. Don't bother
lo count out the spaces. You
can |usi guess and then open
up more If
there aren't
enough
10
PRINT "C
ORE'
cursor
47